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Assessment of a grid-connected renewable energy hub including multi-unit nuclear reactors
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DOI：10.1016/j.pnucene.2026.106496.png)
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Abstract
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Recent technological advances in Carbon-free sources, such as wind and solar, accelerate the substitution of fossil fuels with renewables. However, uncertain and unstable power generation from renewable energy sources makes deep decarbonization hard to achieve. Nuclear energy is one pathway to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions in energy systems and mitigate climate change in the near future. The combination of renewable sources with new generations of nuclear power plants can offer a cost-effective and dependable clean power generation. The current research conducts an economic evaluation of a multi-carrier energy hub that incorporates multi-unit Micro Modular Reactors (MMRs), renewable energy sources, and energy storage systems, utilizing the GAMS software. Using a demand response program (DRP), consumers are encouraged to shift their demands to low-demand periods. Also, 1000 stochastic scenarios are created via the Monte Carlo method to consider uncertainties in the modeling of renewable energy production, in addition to uncertainties in the demands of electricity, heating, and cooling. Then, the set of scenarios is condensed to the dominant representatives to manage the computational complexity. The findings indicate that the hub in both cold and warm seasons can stably meet the electricity, heating, and cooling loads. Also, incorporating multi-unit MMRs into renewable-penetrated energy hubs reduces reliance on the grid and fossil-fueled gas turbines. Additionally, cogeneration processes in both the MMRs and gas turbines, along with trigeneration in the absorption chiller, enable the energy hub to meet the heating and cooling loads at lower costs without excess carbon emissions. By implementing the DRP, the energy hub not only reduced its operational costs by 33.7% in summer and 10.6% in winter but also decreased its CO2 emissions by 10.2% in summer and 24.7% in winter. Furthermore, the MMR units face fewer power maneuvers in optimal scheduling by applying the DRP.
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