Assessment of heavy metal contamination and associated human health risks in common vegetables marketed in Timergara, Dir. Lower

Faiza Shadab

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2026.119329

Assessment of heavy metal contamination and associated human health risks in common vegetables marketed in Timergara, Dir. Lower

2026-08-10

0

PRE

AI

F

Faiza Shadab

S

Sumia Shah

S

Sabiha Khan

Z

Zaheer Ahmad *

A

Abdullah K. Alanazi

DOI：10.1016/j.microc.2026.119329

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• Researchers examined the levels of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in commonly consumed vegetables from Timergara. • Cadmium was undetectable, while nickel and lead surpassed allowable limits (FAO/WHO) in several vegetables. • Principal component analysis revealed that contamination sources were both geogenic (Fe, Mn, Zn) and anthropogenic (Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb). • Cluster analysis grouped vegetables according to their metal accumulation patterns. • The assessment of daily intake indicated that chromium, nickel, and lead exceeded safe levels, whereas other metals remained within acceptable limits.

Keywords:

Heavy metals

Vegetable contamination

Human health risk assessment

Carcinogenic risk

Timergara Dir. Lower

Assessment of heavy metal contamination and associated human health risks in common vegetables marketed in Timergara, Dir. Lower

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