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Association between sarcopenia and fall history in middle-aged and older adults: a multidimensional clinical analysis of nutritional status; bone health; and medication burden
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DOI：10.3389/fendo.2026.1906385.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
BackgroundSarcopenia has been associated with an increased risk of falls in older adults; however; this association may be influenced by nutritional status; bone health; comorbidity burden; and medication use. This study aimed to investigate the association between sarcopenia and fall history in middle-aged and older adults and to further identify sarcopenia-related components associated with fall history.MethodsThis cross-sectional clinical study included 298 middle-aged and older inpatients who underwent sarcopenia assessment; fall history collection; anthropometric measurements; nutritional assessment; laboratory testing; and bone health evaluation. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Fall history was defined as at least one self-reported fall in the past 12 months prior to assessment. Binary logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between sarcopenia and fall history; with progressive adjustment for age; sex; BMI; number of comorbidities; polypharmacy; Mini Nutritional Assessment total score; and osteoporosis status. Associations between individual sarcopenia-related components and fall history were further examined.ResultsAmong the 298 participants; 125 were classified as having sarcopenia and 73 had a history of falls. Participants with sarcopenia had a higher prevalence of fall history than those without sarcopenia (32.0% vs. 19.1%; P = 0.010). In the fully adjusted model; sarcopenia remained significantly associated with fall history after adjustment for age; sex; BMI; comorbidity burden; polypharmacy; nutritional status; and osteoporosis (OR = 3.548; 95% CI 1.682–7.482; P = 0.001). In component analyses; lower appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (OR = 1.948 per 1 kg/m² decrease; 95% CI 1.190–3.191; P = 0.008); low muscle mass (OR = 2.799; 95% CI 1.467–5.340; P = 0.002); and smaller calf circumference (OR = 1.180 per 1 cm decrease; 95% CI 1.049–1.326; P = 0.006) were significantly associated with fall history. Handgrip strength; low handgrip strength; gait speed; and low gait speed were not significantly associated with fall history.ConclusionSarcopenia was significantly associated with fall history in middle-aged and older adults; independent of nutritional status; osteoporosis; comorbidity burden; and polypharmacy. Low muscle mass and smaller calf circumference were the sarcopenia-related components most clearly associated with fall history. These findings support the importance of evaluating sarcopenia-related fall susceptibility.
Keywords:
osteoporosis
nutritional status
falls
sarcopenia
polypharmacy
muscle mass
calf circumference
fall history
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