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Balancing growth; resource efficiency and soil greenhouse gas emissions: optimal water-fertilizer coupling for Chukrasia tabularis seedlings
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DOI：10.3389/ffgc.2026.1914270.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Excessive and unregulated management of water and fertilizer limits the productivity of Chukrasia tabularis (C. tabularis) plantations in subtropical regions. A two-factor factorial potted experiment was conducted using one-year-old C. tabularis seedlings. Three soil water content levels (95%; 75%; and 55% field capacity) and four compound fertilizer rates (0; 6; 12; and 18 g pot−1) were established; with the treatment of 75% field capacity and 0 g pot−1 fertilizer serving as the control (CK). Soil water content emerged as the dominant factor controlling C. tabularis seedling growth; furthermore; water and fertilizer exhibited a highly significant interaction effect on total biomass and root dry weight (p < 0.001). At the 12 g pot−1 fertilizer rate; seedlings grown at 55% field capacity produced 35% more total biomass than those at 75% field capacity; and 224% more than CK. It also raised root dry weight by 32% over the control. But 95% field capacity reduced growth under all fertilizer treatments. Under the 55% field capacity condition; nitrogen and potassium accumulation at the 12 g pot−1 fertilizer rate increased by 701% and 318%; respectively; compared to CK. In contrast; the 95% field capacity condition caused severe root hypoxia and nutrient leaching; effectively negating the benefits of fertilization and leading to negative apparent fertilizer use efficiency for phosphorus and potassium. At 55% field capacity; the observed CH4 patterns suggested a potential shift from net emission to net uptake under selected treatments. A combined PCA-EWM-TOPSIS model demonstrated that a field capacity of 55% combined with 12 g pot−1 compound fertilizer achieved an optimal balance among growth benefits; resource use efficiency; and ecological trade-offs.
Keywords:
water use efficiency
comprehensive evaluation
plant growth
water and fertilizer coupling
Chukrasia tabularis
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