.png){kind=icon}
.png){kind=icon}
Return
Beamforming Reflective Metasurfaces Supporting Polarization Control
.png){kind=icon}
PRE
AI
DOI：10.1109/tap.2026.3692683.png)
.png){kind=icon}
Original request for help.png){kind=icon}
Share.png){kind=icon}
Save
Abstract
En 中文
Reflective electromagnetic metasurfaces (MTSs) provide a passive platform for manipulating the reflection of incident electromagnetic waves, offering opportunities for beamforming and polarization control in wireless communication systems. However, systematic 3-D design methods that account for anisotropic unit cells and full-wave interactions remain limited. In this article, a 3-D full-wave design procedure for reflective MTSs based on the integral equation method and tensor impedance boundary conditions (IBCs) is presented. The MTS consists of impedance sheets placed on top of a grounded dielectric slab. Based on a method of moments (MoM) formulation that explicitly incorporates coupling between unit cells, the impedance values are optimized via gradient descent to achieve beamforming and polarization control of the reflected field. A numerical example demonstrates the beamforming capability of the proposed method, where precise amplitude and phase control through auxiliary surface waves allows the synthesis of a target sector pattern. For practical implementation, a regression neural network is employed to establish an inverse mapping between the optimized impedance tensors and the geometric parameters of anisotropic unit cells featuring three degrees of freedom, enabling efficient realization of spatially varying anisotropic impedance distributions. Two MTSs are designed and experimentally validated at 10 GHz based on an introduced novel physical unit cell. The first, with 576 unit cells spanning four wavelengths by four wavelengths, performs anomalous reflection and converts linear to right-hand circular polarization (RHCP), achieving 13.0 dB cross-polar discrimination and 21.8-dB directivity, with an instantaneous 3-dB fractional gain bandwidth of 6.2%. The second, with 1296 unit cells, splits the reflected wave into RHCP and LHCP beams in different directions, with measured directivities of 23.9 and 23.7 dB, respectively, and a bandwidth of 7.6%. These high directivities are achieved by accounting for mutual coupling and by exploiting auxiliary surface waves that redistribute incident power across the MTS.
Keywords:
Beamforming
machine learning
metasurfaces (MTSs)
method of moments (MoM)
polarization control
reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs)
surface waves
Journal
IF:
5.8
Papers:
502
Citations:
6.8W