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Berberis turcomanica berries: an integrated evaluation of antioxidant; enzyme inhibitory; and antimicrobial activities; phytochemical profile and in silico analysis
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DOI：10.1039/D6RA02922A.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Berberis turcomanica; commonly known as the Turcoman Barberry; is a lesser-studied deciduous shrub of the Berberidaceae family; primarily distributed in Central Asia with its heartland in Turkmenistan. The extracts of the berries of Berberis turcomanica (BTB) were subjected to in vitro assays to assess antioxidant capacity (DPPH; ABTS; FRAP; CUPRAC); enzyme inhibitory activities (acetylcholinesterase; butyrylcholinesterase; tyrosinase; α-amylase; and α-glucosidase); antimicrobial potential (against selected bacterial and fungal strains); and cytotoxic effects on human HaCaT cell lines. Among the 28 chemical constituents analyzed using UHPLC-DAD-QqQ-MS/MS. The extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity; supported by high total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Significant enzyme inhibition; particularly against tyrosinase and α-glucosidase; suggests potential applications in managing hyperpigmentation and diabetes. Both fruit extracts also exhibited promising antibacterial effects against several bacterial strains and moderate antifungal activity; however; the extracts demonstrated low cytotoxicity toward non-cancerous human keratinocyte HaCaT cells; with IC50 values exceeding 400 µg mL−1; indicating a favorable safety profile and good biocompatibility under the tested conditions. Molecular docking; MD simulation-based analyses; and DFT calculations provided supportive insights into the potential activities of selected individual compounds identified in the extracts; partially complementing the experimentally obtained findings. These results present the first detailed pharmacological and chemical investigation of B. turcmanica berries in two extraction methods and support their potential use as a multifunctional natural agent in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
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