Bond strength of resin cement to multilayer graded zirconia after saliva and blood contamination with different cleaning protocols

2026-04-23

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João Vitor do Nascimento Santos

Bárbara Faria de Sá Barbosa

Patrick Wesley Marques de Boa

Sarah Emille Gomes da Silva

Juan Vitor Costa Leite

Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti

Boniek Castillo Dutra Borges

Rodrigo Othávio Assunção Souza *

DOI：10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104353

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To evaluate the bond strength of resin cement to multilayer graded zirconia contaminated with human saliva or blood after different cleaning protocols and aging. Multilayer graded zirconia specimens (3Y-TZP and 5Y-PSZ; IPS e.max ZirCAD Prime) were allocated into 16 groups according to factors: “contamination” (saliva or blood), “cleaning method” (no cleaning, water rinsing, Ivoclean, or airborne-particle abrasion), and “aging condition” (10,000 thermocycles or 24-h storage). Resin cement cylinders were bonded to each specimen (n = 15/group), and shear bond strength (SBS) was tested at 1.0 mm/min. Failure modes were analyzed, and representative surfaces were examined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. SBS data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05), and Weibull analysis.

Keywords:

resin cement

multilayer graded zirconia

saliva contamination

blood contamination

cleaning protocols

Bond strength of resin cement to multilayer graded zirconia after saliva and blood contamination with different cleaning protocols

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