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Boosting the electrochemical performance of lignin-based carbon fibers for supercapacitors via synergistic Ni/P co-doping
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DOI：10.1515/hf-2025-0134.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Lignin-based carbon fibers (LCFs) offer a promising route for both the high-value utilization of underused lignin and the development of green, low-cost electrode materials for supercapacitors. However, achieving high energy density while maintaining power density and long-term cycling stability remains a major challenge for LCF-based supercapacitors. In this study, a series of Ni/P co-doped LCFs were prepared via electrospinning, thermostabilization, and carbonization, without additional activation steps. Nickel acetylacetonate (Ni(acac)2) was incorporated to enhance the thermal stability of lignin fibers during thermostabilization and to facilitate catalytic graphitization during carbonization. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) was introduced at various stages to tailor pore architecture, enhance surface activity, and further promote graphitic structure development. Furthermore, co-doping with Ni and P at 1,400 degrees C enabled the in-situ formation of Ni2P, which contributed additional pseudocapacitance. Benefiting from the integrated structural and compositional design, the resultant supercapacitor based on P-LSF-1400 delivered an excellent electrochemical performance, achieving a specific capacitance of 156.4 F g-1, an energy density of 48.9 Wh kg-1, and a power density of 802 W kg-1, with 95 % capacitance retention after 5,000 cycles. This synergistic strategy places P-LSF-1400 well above most carbon-based electrodes derived from biomass, highlighting its strong potential for practical energy storage applications.
Keywords:
lignin
carbon fiber
supercapacitor
electrochemical performance
heteroatom doping
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