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Breast cancer radiotherapy in patients with autoimmune or cancer-associated myositis: balancing oncological benefit and immune-mediated risk

delete2026-07-16
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OA
AI
S
Sara Falivene
S
Simona Mercogliano *
N
Nicoletta Bertolini
L
Luisa Costa
M
Mario Cascone
E
Emanuela Esposito
P
Piera Ferraioli
R
Rocco Mottareale
V
Vincenzo Ravo
F
Francesco Caso
DOI:10.1186/s13014-026-02894-xdelete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
Breast cancer radiotherapy and autoimmune myositis intersect in a clinically complex setting in which paraneoplastic disease, pre-existing inflammatory myopathy, and radiation-related muscle injury may overlap. Dermatomyositis is the idiopathic inflammatory myopathy most strongly associated with malignancy, and breast cancer is one of the solid tumours most frequently reported in cancer-associated myositis, particularly in anti-TIF1γ- and anti-NXP2-positive subsets. A structured narrative review of PubMed and Scopus was performed from database inception to March 2026. Evidence was synthesised qualitatively owing to limited and heterogeneous literature. Muscle symptoms during breast cancer treatment may reflect autoimmune, paraneoplastic, radiation-induced, fibrosis-related, or recall myositis. MRI is the most informative modality for pattern-based assessment, with FDG PET-CT and ultrasound providing complementary value in selected cases. Although direct disease-specific evidence is sparse and derives largely from retrospective series, mixed connective tissue disease cohorts, radiobiological studies, and case reports, radiotherapy does not appear to represent an automatic contraindication when disease activity, multidisciplinary evaluation, and conformal planning are taken into account. Breast cancer radiotherapy in patients with autoimmune or cancer-associated myositis requires structured differential diagnosis rather than categorical avoidance. Diagnostic assessment should integrate timing, field distribution, imaging, serology, systemic features, and treatment sequence. Further studies should refine risk stratification, muscle-specific dose constraints, and biomarkers distinguishing radiation-related from autoimmune or paraneoplastic myositis.
Keywords:
Breast cancer
Radiotherapy
Dermatomyositis
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Cancer-associated myositis
Radiation recall myositis
Connective tissue disease

Journal

Radiation Oncology cover
Radiation Oncology
IF:
3.2
Papers:
3.9K
Citations:
9.1K

Organization

D
department of radiation oncology
Scholars:
823
Papers: 267
Citations: 0
D
department of breast cancer
Scholars:
3
Papers: 2
Citations: 0
D
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery
Scholars:
136
Papers: 63
Citations: 0
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