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Bridging TSN and 5G networks: Prototype design and evaluation for real-time embedded systems

delete2025-08-05
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PRE
AI
Z
Zenepe Satka *
M
Mohammad Ashjaei
J
Josefina Nord
W
William Rosales Mayta
D
Didrik Nordin
D
Daniel Ragnarsson
S
Saad Mubeen
DOI:10.1016/j.sysarc.2025.103531delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
Integrating Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) with 5G cellular networks facilitates high-bandwidth, low-latency end-to-end communication in networked embedded systems. An integrated TSN-5G network has the potential to support predictable and deterministic end-to-end communication, as well as to significantly enhance scalability, particularly in industrial automation, by providing flexibility, efficiency, and responsiveness. This paper aims to facilitate the end-to-end (E2E) communication over the integrated TSN-5G networks, by addressing two of the main challenges: (1) design and implementation of an effective TSN-5G gateway that not only ensures an effective forwarding mechanism to translate the traffic among both networks, but also maps the TSN traffic to the corresponding 5G quality-of-service profiles to ensure the timing requirements of high-critical traffic, and (2) establishment of clock synchronization across all network components to support the E2E communication in TSN-5G networks. The paper outlines the design and implementation of a robust TSN-5G gateway that bridges TSN and 5G network architectures, ensuring seamless interoperability between them. We utilize a standalone private 5G network within a controlled lab environment to establish the E2E communication for the TSN-5G network, with a particular emphasizes on analyzing latencies and jitter to provide valuable insights for industrial implementation. Moreover, the gateway facilitates a time synchronization approach, to enable time coordination between network components that supports E2E communication on TSN-5G networks considering the hardware limitation. Our findings indicate that achieving latencies below 20 ms is feasible in an integrated TSN-5G network using the proposed configuration of a private 5G setup with a channel bandwidth of 40 MHz.
Keywords:
TSN-5G integration
end-to-end communication
time-sensitive networking
5G quality-of-service
clock synchronization
industrial automation
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Journal

Journal of Systems Architecture cover
Journal of Systems Architecture
IF:
4.1
Papers:
2.9K
Citations:
4.2K

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