Bubble Formation in Magma

doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-080308

Bubble Formation in Magma

2023-05-31

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DOI：10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-080308

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Volcanic eruptions are driven by bubbles that form when volatile species exsolve from magma. The conditions under which bubbles form depend mainly on magma composition, volatile concentration, presence of crystals, and magma decompression rate. These are all predicated on the mechanism by which volatiles exsolve from the melt to form bubbles.We critically review the known or inferred mechanisms of bubble formation in magmas: homogeneous nucleation, heterogeneous nucleation on crystal surfaces, and spontaneous phase separation (spinodal decomposition).We propose a general approach for calculating bubble nucleation rates as the sum of the contributions from homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation, suggesting that nucleation may not be limited to a single mechanism prior to eruption. We identify three major challenges in which further experimental, analytical, and theoretical work is required to permit the development of a general model for bubble formation under natural eruption conditions.

Keywords:

nucleation

volcanic eruption

magma

spinodal decomposition

bubble dynamics

volatiles

Bubble Formation in Magma

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