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Calcium Sensors in Neuronal Function and Dysfunction
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DOI：10.1101/cshperspect.a035154.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Calcium signaling in neurons as in other cell types can lead to varied changes in cellular function. Neuronal Ca2+ signaling processes have also become adapted to modulate the function of specific pathways over a wide variety of time domains and these can have effects on, for example, axon outgrowth, neuronal survival, and changes in synaptic strength. Ca2+ also plays a key role in synapses as the trigger for fast neurotransmitter release. Given its physiological importance, abnormalities in neuronal Ca(2+)signaling potentially underlie many different neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanisms by which changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in neurons can bring about diverse responses is underpinned by the roles of ubiquitous or specialized neuronal Ca(2+)sensors. It has been established that synaptotagmins have key functions in neurotransmitter release, and, in addition to calmodulin, other families of EF-hand-containing neuronal Ca2+ sensors, including the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) and the calcium-binding protein (CaBP) families, play important physiological roles in neuronal Ca2+ signaling. It has become increasingly apparent that these various Ca(2+)sensors may also be crucial for aspects of neuronal dysfunction and disease either indirectly or directly as a direct consequence of genetic variation or mutations. An understanding of the molecular basis for the regulation of the targets of the Ca2+ sensors and the physiological roles of each protein in identified neurons may contribute to future approaches to the development of treatments for a variety of human neuronal disorders.
Keywords:
LONG QT SYNDROME
KV4 K+ CHANNELS
RECEPTOR INTERACTING PROTEINS
CYCLASE-ACTIVATING PROTEINS
LINKED MENTAL-RETARDATION
N-TERMINAL MYRISTOYLATION
VISININ-LIKE PROTEIN-1
D2 DOPAMINE-RECEPTOR
TRANS-GOLGI NETWORK
CA2+ SENSOR
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