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Can human drivers and connected autonomous vehicles co-exist in lane-free traffic? A microscopic simulation perspective
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DOI：10.1016/j.trc.2025.105315.png)
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Abstract
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• Even a small percentage of human driver vehicles (HDVs) significantly lowers the LFT flow. • The LFT traffic flow drops by 20% with just 5% HDV penetration rate. • 60% CAV Penetration rate is required before observing LFT’s major advantages. • Introduced Adaptive Potential Line (APL) controller to improve the LFT with HDVs. • A peak average improvement of nearly 10% was observed via the APL strategy over PL controller.
Keywords:
Lane-free traffic
Lane-less traffic
Human driver model
Mixed traffic
Connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs)
Ring road
Adaptive potential line
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