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Carbon dot-based polyplexes with cell penetration peptides for gene transfection
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DOI：10.1039/D5RA06584D.png)
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Abstract
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This study explores the synthesis; characterization; and gene-delivery efficacy of polyplexes comprising carbon nanomaterials; namely; graphene oxide quantum dots (GO QDs) and carbon dots (CDs); in conjunction with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs); namely; PF14 or PF221; alongside gene therapeutic agents (pGL3 plasmids or splice-correcting oligonucleotides (SCO)). GO QDs were created using Hummers' method; followed by acid fragmentation; while CDs were generated by an eco-friendly solvothermal procedure utilizing ascorbic acid as a precursor. Structural and morphological characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); and zeta potential analysis confirmed the synthesis of nanocomplexes with distinct physicochemical properties. Gene transfection assays demonstrated that PF14–CD polyplexes attained superior efficiency in delivering pGL3 and SCO; surpassing GO QDs and PF221-based methods. Mechanistic studies revealed that the cellular uptake of PF14–SCO–CDs is predominantly mediated by scavenger receptor class A (SCARA); as evidenced by the significant inhibition observed with SCARA-specific inhibitors. The use of PF14 and CDs presents a promising model for efficient gene transport; primarily governed by receptor-mediated endocytosis.
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