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Carbonisation of rare earth elements hyperaccumulator (Dicranopteris pedata) for remediation of heavy metal contaminated Soil: A Case study
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DOI：10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115704.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Carbonisation from Dicranopteris pedata clippings (REE/C) offer a sustainable strategy for the utilisation of phytoremediation biomass in rare earth element (REE) mining regions. In this study, physicochemical properties of REE/C were characterised, and their performance in immobilising Pb, Cu, and Cd in orchard soils was evaluated using soil passivation and leaching experiments. The results showed that REE/C was mainly amorphous carbon with a small graphitic fraction, and that agglomerated La-, Ce-, and Y-containing particles were precipitated on its surface, providing a high specific surface area of 439.48 m2 g−1 and strong adsorption capacity for heavy metals (HMs). REE/C application to contaminated agricultural soils promoted the transformation of acid-soluble and reducible HMs into oxidisable and residual fractions, thereby significantly reducing their mobility. The concentrations of Pb, Cu, and Cd in the leachates decreased to 5.46 %, 38.71 %, and 33.80 % of those in control, respectively. In addition, REE/C increased β-N-acetylglucosaminidase to 41.00 IU L−1 and leucine aminopeptidase to 95.61 IU L−1. It also increased total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen by 2.59- and 1.55-fold, respectively, and improved microbial diversity and community structure. Pearson correlation and Mantel analyses indicated that soil microbial communities were closely associated with pH, organic matter, organic carbon, nutrient availability, and endogenous REEs. These findings demonstrate that REE/C can serve as an effective amendment for HMs immobilisation and agricultural soil remediation, with endogenous REEs playing an important role in the remediation process. This study provides a resource-efficient pathway for phytoremediation biomass valorisation and soil restoration in REE mining regions.
Keywords:
Dicranopteris pedata
Rare earth mine regions
Heavy metal
Carbonisation material
Soil remediation
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