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Cathode Passivation Suppression Enables Ultrastable Industry-Leading Alkaline Water Electrolysis at Hundred-Ampere Currents
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李
J
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DOI：10.1039/D5EE04506A.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Industry-leading alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) remains limited to low current densities (<0.3 A cm-2) due to cathodic oxidation-induced passivation of commercial Raney Ni cathodes under operation. This generates interfacial Ni(OH)2/NiOOH insulating layers; impeding electron transfer and increasing resistance; thereby capping current density. Herein; we proposed a passivation-inhibition strategy by reconstructing the water network structure at the electrode interface via introducing Ru nanoparticles (RuNPs) on Raney Ni (RuNPs@Raney Ni). We found that the orientation changes of interfacial water accelerated water dissociation; thereby altering the localized pH and facilitating the mass transfer of hydroxide ions at the electrode interface. This process suppressed the positive shift in electrode potential; closely associated with passivation-inhibition mechanisms. The AWE electrolyzers with RuNPs@Raney Ni delivered an extremely high current density of 10 A cm-2 at low cell voltage of 2.3 V with exceptional stability over 2500 hours at 1.0 A cm-2. The system achieved an energy consumption of 4.20 kWh Nm-3 H2; with an energy efficiency of 84.2% (based on the higher heating value of hydrogen) at 1.0 A cm-2; a H2 production rate of 41.2 NL h-1 and a production cost of 0.93 $ kg-1 H2 at 100 A (over a 100 cm² electrode area); undercutting U.S. DOE's 2026 target. These findings demonstrate that mitigating cathode passivation is critical for high performance AWE electrolyzers.
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