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Cationic surfactant assisted post modification of microporous Hβ zeolite and its catalytic application for the sustainable synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles
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DOI：10.1007/s10934-025-01902-x.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Conventional routes for pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole synthesis typically rely on metal nanoparticles or metal salts, which are expensive and require complex handling. In this work, pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles were synthesized via a one-pot four-component reaction (4-CR) of substituted benzaldehydes, malononitrile, phenyl hydrazine, and ethyl acetoacetate using microporous zeolites (H-Y, H beta, H-MOR, H-ZSM-5) and mesoporous (Al-MCM-41) catalyst. Zeolite p-H beta (H-BEA) demonstrated high catalytic efficiency, and a detailed evaluation revealed that the Si/Al ratio, acidity, surface area, and pore structure significantly influence catalytic activity. The performance of p-H beta was further enhanced through controlled desilication in the presence of cationic surfactant, 6-bromo hexyl trimethyl ammonium bromide treatment leading to increased surface area, porosity, and improved accessibility of active sites in resultant micro-meso composite of zeolite HZ beta. The HZ beta catalyst has been found to exhibit superior activity, delivering up to 93% product yield under optimized solvent-free conditions (10 wt% catalyst, 100 degrees C, 60 min). The catalyst was successfully reused up to five cycles, and the solvent-free protocol provides an environmentally benign approach for pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole synthesis. The HZ beta zeolite was further utilized for the synthesis of a series of pyrazole derivatives, including two novel derivatives, which were comprehensively characterized.Graphical abstractHierarchical zeolite beta (HZ beta) catalyzed synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c] pyrazoles
Keywords:
Sustainable organic synthesis
Heterogeneous catalysis
Hierarchical zeolites
Multicomponent reactions
Pyrano[2,3-c] pyrazoles
Journal
IF:
3.2
Papers:
154
Citations:
5.0K