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Changes in the Frequency, Duration, Intensity, and Dominant Types of Droughts in the Yellow River Basin From 1961 to 2020
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DOI：10.1002/joc.70495.png)
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Abstract
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A comprehensive understanding of drought evolution in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) is essential for effective drought mitigation and water resource management. Based on the daily-scale Modified Comprehensive Meteorological Drought Index (MCI), this study analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought in the YRB over the past 60 years. The main findings are: The average annual drought days exceed 60, with high-frequency areas (> 120 days) concentrated in the upper-middle reaches junction, the eastern middle reaches, and the western lower reaches. Most areas show a decreasing trend in drought days, with the most significant reduction in the source region (20 days/decade). Drought regimes vary regionally: the source region experiences infrequent, short, and mild droughts; the middle-lower section of the upper reaches has infrequent but prolonged and intense droughts; while most middle-lower reaches face frequent, short-duration, yet relatively high-intensity droughts. Spring drought dominates (25%–40%), followed by summer drought (15%–30%), with spring–summer consecutive drought being the most common cross-seasonal pattern. During drought events, precipitation deficits are more pronounced in the middle-lower section of the upper reaches and the lower reaches. Evapotranspiration anomalies are generally higher in the middle-lower reaches. Precipitation-dominated droughts (20%–35%) mainly occur in the middle-lower section of the upper reaches. Evapotranspiration-aggravated droughts (25%–35%) are concentrated in the source region. Synergistic droughts (25%–30%) are mainly found in the eastern middle reaches, the lower reaches, and localized areas. Since 1961, precipitation-dominated droughts have decreased, while evapotranspiration-aggravated and synergistic droughts have increased in most parts of the YRB. Daily-scale monitoring enables a more accurate characterization of drought processes, providing critical insights for regional drought management and supporting ecological conservation and high-quality development in the basin.
Keywords:
dominant drought type
drought event
meteorological drought
Yellow River Basin
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