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Chickpea responsiveness to contrasting P fertilization reveals agro-physiological and genotypic variability in P use efficiency and rhizosphere microbial communities
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DOI：10.1186/s12870-026-09668-3.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Phosphorus (P) is crucial for grain legumes including chickpea, however P use efficiency (PUE) for both chickpea symbiosis and plant growth strongly relies on chickpea genotypic variability and responsiveness to contrasting P conditions including source, availability and application rate. In this study, three winter Moroccan chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) varieties (Arifi, Bochra and Taounate) were assessed for plant growth, PUE and rhizosphere soil-associated microbiome composition under both available “ortho-P” and unavailable P sources (rock-P) at increasing rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg P2O5 ha− 1). Chickpea growth traits related to shoot dry weight (SDW), leaf area index (LAI), branches number and plant height were significantly enhanced under ortho-P (120 kg ha− 1). The highest pod DW (PDW) (108%) and Harvest Index (HI) (55%) were obtained under rock-P (120 kg ha− 1) as compared to unfertilized treatment, which is the case of Taounate variety that exhibited the highest PDW (2.33 g plant− 1), pod number (9.5 per plant), LAI (321), high PUE and P harvest index (PHI) as a consequence of improved root traits (biomass, length and surface-area). Meanwhile, Bochra variety responded more favorably to rock-P (40, 80 and 120 kg ha− 1) showing a higher PUE concomitantly to a lower root traits. Furthermore, chickpea varieties and P sources influenced the rhizosphere-associated microbial community with a notable abundance of Actinobacteria under rock-P in Bochra variety and Chytridiomycota phylum in Taounate variety under ortho-P, while Bochra and Arifi varieties had more Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota under ortho-P. Findings revealed that ortho-P-fertilized Taounate and rock-P-fertilized Bochra exhibited high PUE and yielded superior agro-physiological performance concomitantly with specific rhizosphere microbial modifications. Such a genotype-P specific pattern indicates a differential responsiveness to P fertilization suggesting tight relationships between chickpea genotypic diversity, responsiveness to P and modulation of the rhizosphere microbiota that needs to be deciphered.
Keywords:
Legume
Biomass
Phosphorus
Roots
Microbiome
Rhizosphere
Symbiosis
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