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Chitosan-Based Active Films Enriched with Protein Hydrolysates Derived from Cod Backbone By-Products: Development and Characterization
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DOI：10.3390/polysaccharides7030095.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Fish processing by-products represent an abundant source of valuable biomolecules that can be valorized through sustainable extraction approaches. In this work, cod backbone hydrolysates obtained by subcritical water hydrolysis were incorporated into chitosan-based films for potential food packaging applications. The hydrolysis residue, rich in minerals, particularly hydroxyapatite (HAp residue), was also incorporated into the films to maximize the utilization of all hydrolysis-derived fractions. The effects of hydrolysate and HAp residue incorporation on the properties of the films were evaluated. The hydrolysate incorporation significantly improved the tensile strength of the films (from 11.56 to 24.39 MPa) and reduced water vapor permeability (from 4.93 to 2.89 (×10−11) mol.m.m−2.s−1.Pa−1), suggesting the formation of a denser and cohesive polymer network. However, the films also exhibited increased swelling and solubility (22–29% and 231–561%, respectively). When adding HAp residue, the films showed lower visible light transmittance and higher opacity, demonstrating improved light barrier properties. The addition of HAp residue also reduced swelling capacity but increased water vapor permeability and decreased tensile strength, suggesting the formation of a more heterogeneous film structure. Overall, the results demonstrate that cod backbone hydrolysates can be an alternative additive to chitosan films to tailor their functional properties for food packaging applications. The incorporation of hydroxyapatite-rich residues contributes to the full valorization of fish processing by-products, supporting the development of sustainable and biodegradable functional materials within a circular economy approach.
Keywords:
biorefinery
chitosan films
food packaging
subcritical water extraction
cod backbone
hydroxyapatite-rich residues
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5.5
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696
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