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Chondrule formation in the outer disk from the primary three-dimensional chemical composition of CM chondrules
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DOI：10.1016/j.gca.2026.07.028.png)
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Abstract
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Chondrules and their associated fine-grained rims (FGRs) record fundamental processes operating in the early protoplanetary disk, yet the relationship between chondrule chemistry, morphology, and matrix complementarity remains incompletely understood. Here we investigate the major, minor, and trace element compositions of 66 chondrules and associated FGRs from relatively unaltered CM carbonaceous chondrites Asuka 12236, Paris and Maribo in relation to their three-dimensional morphology, using a multi-analytical approach including femtosecond LA-ICP-MS and X-ray tomography. Our results show that CM chondrules record a systematic process of metal loss and evaporation of Si-rich mesostasis, driving initially CI-like precursor compositions toward more Mg- and Si-rich bulk compositions along the CI ratio line and toward increasingly Si-poor forsteritic mineral assemblages. GEMS-like materials in pristine CM matrices appear to mirror chondrule compositions and likely represent complementary condensates derived from evaporated Si-rich mesostasis. The dust accreted to chondrules is dominantly CI-like but incorporates ∼ 14 wt% complementary condensate material represented by chondritic amorphous silicates, reconciling the observed Mg/Si complementarity between chondrules and matrix with the preservation of primordial organics and presolar grains.
Keywords:
Chondrules
Matrix
Complementarity
Trace elements
X-ray tomography
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