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CMNN: Coupled Modular Neural Network
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DOI：10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3093541.png)
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Abstract
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In this paper, we propose a multi-branch neural network architecture named Coupled Modular Neural Network (CMNN). A CMNN is a network consisting of beta closely coupled sub-networks, where beta is termed as the branching factor in this paper. We call the whole network a super-graph and each sub-network a sub-graph. Each sub-graph is a stand-alone neural network and shares a common block with other sub-graphs. To effectively leverage the super-graph we propose a simple but easy-to-implement Round-Robin-based learning algorithm. Each training iteration contains two phases. In the first phase, we choose a sub-graph in a Round-Robin fashion and train it using knowledge of the super-graph (distillation). In the second phase, we fine-tune the super-graph based on the updated sub-graphs. This algorithm produces a different copy of the super-graph at each iteration which acts as an improved teacher network for the subgraph; and a different copy of one of the sub-graphs which functions as a new building block for the super-graph. To validate and test CMNN and the proposed algorithm, we conduct experiments on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, Tiny ImageNet and a private On-Road-Risk (ORR) datasets. Empirical results on all these four datasets indicate that we not only obtain a strong sub-graph network, the learning framework can also produce strong ensemble performance which substantiates the diversity introduced throughout the learning framework.
Keywords:
Artificial intelligence
modular neural networks
deep learning
ensemble learning
knowledge-distillation
multi-class classification
image classification
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