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Cognitive functions of the GPe
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DOI：10.1016/j.tins.2026.05.005.png)
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Abstract
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The GPe is a heterogeneous, tonically active hub with widespread projections within and beyond the basal ganglia. Distinct GPe cell types support complementary roles in behavioral control, including reactive and proactive inhibition. The GPe encodes value and integrates contextual information to guide goal-directed action selection. GPe circuits interact with dopaminergic, thalamic, and cortical systems to regulate cognitive flexibility, attention, and arousal. Dysregulation of GPe activity contributes to maladaptive behaviors, including impaired flexibility, habitual responding, and addiction.
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