Collaborative Small and Large Models for Crowd Simulation With Incomplete Trajectory Data

Zheng Wang

doi:10.1109/TVCG.2025.3649986

Collaborative Small and Large Models for Crowd Simulation With Incomplete Trajectory Data

2025-12-31

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DOI：10.1109/TVCG.2025.3649986

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Crowd simulation plays a crucial role in various domains, including entertainment, urban planning, and safety assessment. Data-driven methods offer significant advantages in simulating natural and diverse crowd behaviors, enabling highly realistic simulations. However, existing methods often face challenges due to incomplete trajectory data and limited generalization to unfamiliar scenarios. To address these limitations, we propose a novel crowd simulation framework based on the collaboration of a small model and a large model. Inspired by the dual-process decision-making mechanism in cognitive psychology, this framework enables efficient handling of familiar scenarios while leveraging the reasoning capabilities of large models in complex or unfamiliar environments. The small model, responsible for generating fast and reactive behaviors, is trained on real-world incomplete trajectory data to learn movement patterns. The large model, which performs simulation correction to refine failed behaviors, leverages past successful and failed experiences to enhance behavior generation in complex scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that our framework significantly improves simulation accuracy in the presence of missing trajectory segments and enhances cross-scene generalization.

Keywords:

Data incompleteness

data-driven crowd simulation

dual-process decision-making mechanism

large model

Collaborative Small and Large Models for Crowd Simulation With Incomplete Trajectory Data

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