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Combining microbial; isotopic and residence time data to characterize groundwater dynamics in a multi-layered aquifer system in Kurikka; western Finland
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DOI：10.5194/bg-23-4463-2026.png)
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Abstract
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Abstract. Groundwater is a critical resource supplying nearly half of the world's drinking water. This study focuses on the Kurikka buried valley aquifer system in western Finland; characterized by complex hydrogeology dictated by the bedrock topography and sediment cover producing artesian conditions in deep aquifers. Using a multitracer approach; the study incorporates hydrogeochemical; isotopic (δ2H; δ18O; δ34S; 87Sr/86Sr ) and microbial community analyses with residence time indicators (CFCs; SF6; 3H; 3H/3He ). Groundwater samples collected from ten sites revealed differences in residence times; microbial diversity and community compositions; as well as large variation in the strontium and sulphur isotopic compositions. The bedrock groundwater sample revealed a more evolved water type; consistent with longer residence time; strong water-mineral interactions and typical deep subsurface bacterial members. Groundwater from the superficial unconsolidated aquifers contained a modern water component (< 60 years) whereas the deeper buried valley aquifers were characterized by older waters. The information provided by this study is crucial for groundwater management during extensive extraction for municipal water supply.
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