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Communicating Smartly in Molecular Communication Environments: Neural Networks in the Internet of Bio-Nano Things

delete2026-05-27
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PRE
AI
J
Jorge Torres Gómez
P
Pit Hofmann
L
Lisa Y. Debus
O
Osman Tugay Başaran
S
Sebastian Lotter
R
Roya Khanzadeh
S
Stefan Angerbauer
B
Bige Deniz Unluturk
S
Sergi Abadal
W
Werner Haselmayr
F
Frank H. P. Fitzek
R
Robert Schober
F
Falko Dressler
DOI:10.1109/comst.2026.3697499delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
Recent advances in the Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT) are establishing the groundwork for innovative healthcare solutions, envisioning a network of remotely coordinated nanodevices within the human body to monitor and actuate over potential diseases. However, interconnecting such nanodevices requires communication strategies that can cope with molecular communication (MC) channels, whose complex, stochastic, and dynamic behavior often makes accurate physical modeling infeasible. To explore the limits of nanodevice interconnectivity under these conditions, this survey focuses on data-driven communication strategies for MC systems, with particular emphasis on machine learning (ML) methods and neural network (NN) architectures for a robust and adaptive communication scheme at the nanoscale. Research on NN-enabled MC spans several aspects covered in this survey, including NNs for communication in IoBNT networks, the feasibility of biocompatible NN realization, explainable approaches, and the generation of training datasets. We also include open-source code examples to support reproducible research across key MC scenarios. Finally, we identify emerging challenges, including the need for robust NN architectures, biologically integrated NN modules, and scalable training strategies.
Keywords:
Machine learning
neural networks
deep learning
molecular communication
Internet of Bio-Nano Things

Journal

I
IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials
IF:
46.7
Papers:
1.5K
Citations:
3.3W

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D
Dresden University of Technology
Scholars:
273
Papers: 121
Citations: 1
J
johannes kepler university linz
Scholars:
701
Papers: 299
Citations: 0
F
friedrich-alexander-universität erlangen-nurnberg
Scholars:
372
Papers: 108
Citations: 0
U
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
Scholars:
436
Papers: 199
Citations: 1.5W
T
TU Berlin
Scholars:
64
Papers: 44
Citations: 2
M
michigan state university
Scholars:
3.5W
Papers: 3.1W
Citations: 44
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