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Compact Michelson Interferometers with Subpicometer Sensitivity
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DOI：10.1103/PhysRevApplied.18.034040.png)
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Abstract
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The network of interferometric gravitational-wave observatories has successfully detected tens of astro-physical signals since 2015. In this paper, we experimentally investigate compact sensors that have the potential to improve the sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors to intermediate-mass black holes. We use only commercial components, such as sensing heads and lasers, to assemble the setup and demon-strate its subpicometer precision. The setup consists of a pair of Michelson interferometers that use deep frequency modulation techniques to obtain a linear, relative displacement readout over multiple interfer-ence fringes. We implement a laser-frequency stabilization scheme to achieve a sensitivity of 0.3 pm/root Hz above 0.1 Hz. The device has also the potential to improve other experiments, such as torsion balances and commercial seismometers.
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