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Comparative evaluation of larval susceptibility of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex gelidus to three formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis
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DOI：10.1007/s42690-026-01807-5.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Mosquito-borne diseases remain a significant public health concern, with the Culex genus acting as an important vector of filariasis and arboviruses. Resistance to conventional insecticides necessitates eco-friendly alternatives such as Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), a microbial larvicide with proven safety to non-target organisms. Laboratory bioas-says were conducted following WHO guidelines to assess the larvicidal efficacy of three Bti formulations, which include wettable powder (WP), suspension concentrate (SC), and granules (GR) against late third to early fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex gelidus. Test concentrations ranged from 0.005 to 0.1 ppm, with mortality recorded after 24 h exposure under controlled insectary conditions. All formulations produced a dose-dependent response, achiev-ing 100% mortality at 0.1 ppm. LC50 values ranged from 0.014 to 0.019 ppm. SC produced marginally higher mortality at sub-lethal doses, WP showed a steep dose-response slope, and GR exhibited slightly delayed action but potential for longer residual activity. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05) among formulations in laboratory settings. Bti demonstrated high potency and rapid larvicidal action across formulations, reinforcing its value as a sustainable alternative to chemical larvicides. The selection of formulation for field use should consider habitat type, rapidity of control required, and persistence needs
Keywords:
Larvicide
Vector-borne disease
Vector control
Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis
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