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Comparative phytochemicals and biological activities of ethanolic extracts of Clinacanthus nutans leaves and validation of HPLC method for vitexin
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DOI：10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2026.042.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Phaya Yo (Clinacanthus nutans) leaves have been traditionally used in Thailand to treat insect stings and herpes virus infections. Their efficacy is recognized, leading to the inclusion of a 95% ethanolic extract in the Thai National Essential Medicine List. The plant's key active compounds are apigenin-C-glycoside flavones, including vitexin, iso-vitexin, orientin, and schaftoside, though their levels vary due to environmental factors and extraction methods. This study examined different drying methods-oven drying, parabolic dome drying, and sun drying- followed by maceration using 95%, 70%, and 50% hydro-alcoholic solvents. Results showed that oven drying yielded the highest antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). The 95% ethanolic extract outperformed the others in antioxidant activity, TPC, TFC, and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of vitexin but not schaftoside, with the highest vitexin content (308.67 +/- 1.36 mu g/g dry weight) found in the 95% ethanolic extract. These findings support the use of oven-dried C. nutans leaves extracted with 95% ethanol for optimal bioactivity. This study also provides an improved HPLC system for analyzing apigenin-C-glycoside flavones in C. nutans leaf extract.
Keywords:
antioxidant
total flavonoid content
total phenolic content
anti-inflammatory
RAW 264.7 cells
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