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Comparing Apples and Oranges: Advances in Disease Resistance Breeding of Woody Perennial Fruit Crops
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DOI：10.1146/annurev-phyto-021622-120124.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Apple and citrus are perennial tree fruit crops that are vital for nutritionalsecurity and agricultural economy and to achieve the Sustainable Develop-ment Goals of the United Nations. Apple scab and fire blight, along withHuanglongbing, canker, and tristeza virus, stand out as their most notori-ous diseases and annually destabilize fruit supply. An environmentally soundapproach to managing these diseases is improving tree resistance throughbreeding and biotechnology. Perennial fruit tree germplasm collections aredistributed globally and offer untapped potential as sources of resistance.However, long juvenility, specific pollination and flowering habits, and ex-tensive outcrossing hinder apple and citrus breeding. Advances in breedingapproaches includetrans- andcis-genesis, genome editing, and rapid-cyclebreeding, which, in addition to conventional crossbreeding, can all facili-tate accelerated integration of resistance into elite germplasm. In addition,the global pool of available sources of resistance can be characterized by theexisting genetic mapping and gene expression studies for accurate discov-ery of associated loci, genes, and markers to efficiently include these sourcesin breeding efforts. We discuss and propose a multitude of approaches toovercome the challenges of breeding for resistance in woody perennialsand outline a technical path to reduce the time required for the ultimatedeployment of disease-resistant cultivars.
Keywords:
nutritional security
biotechnology
germplasm
genetic characterization
genetic mapping
fast-track breeding
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