1
Return

Comparison of historic and novel data reveals higher contemporary diversity of trematode metacercariae in freshwater fish

delete2026-01-07
delete1
delete
OA
AI
O
Olena Kudlai
R
Rasa Binkienė *
V
Vytautas Rakauskas
N
Nathan Jay Baker
DOI:10.1051/parasite/2025067delete
deleteOriginal
deleteOriginal request for help
deleteShare
deleteSave
Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
Trematode metacercariae are the most abundant and frequently encountered helminths in freshwater fish. Yet, accurate species identification remains challenging, potentially leading to an underestimation of trematode diversity. Using data from parasitological examinations of 1,030 fish (47 species) collected from diverse freshwater habitats in Lithuania (2022-2024), we assessed the contemporary diversity of trematode metacercariae, host associations, microhabitat preferences, and changes in diversity patterns and transmission dynamics. Through integrated morphological and molecular techniques, we identified metacercariae belonging to 51 species from eight families, more than doubling previously reported diversity (25 species). While trematode family composition remained largely unchanged - the Diplostomidae and Strigeidae remained the most diverse families - notable differences were observed at the species level. Metacercariae of the Echinochasmidae and Echinostomatidae were detected for the first time, while previously reported Clinostomidae were absent. Fish of the Leuciscidae hosted the highest trematode diversity. Host specificity of metacercariae was generally low, with most species being euryxenous. At the microhabitat level, eyes harboured the highest number of species, while muscles showed the highest metacercarial density. Notably, we detected species first genetically characterised in North America (Echinoparyphium sp. 2 and Ichthyocotylurus sp. 2) and species potentially belonging to the genus Neogogatea, previously known only from Asia and North America, highlighting potential invasion risks and suggesting that European trematode diversity remains substantially underestimated. Future efforts should obtain molecular data from correctly identified adult specimens to resolve the identity of species currently identified only to the genus or family level, thereby enabling assessment of their geographical distributions and ecological roles. Les m & eacute;tacercaires de Tr & eacute;matodes sont les helminthes les plus abondants et les plus fr & eacute;quemment rencontr & eacute;s chez les poissons d'eau douce. Cependant, l'identification pr & eacute;cise des esp & egrave;ces reste difficile, ce qui peut conduire & agrave; une sous-estimation de la diversit & eacute; des Tr & eacute;matodes. & Agrave; partir des donn & eacute;es issues d'examens parasitologiques de 1 030 poissons (47 esp & egrave;ces) pr & eacute;lev & eacute;s dans divers habitats d'eau douce en Lituanie (2022-2024), nous avons & eacute;valu & eacute; la diversit & eacute; contemporaine des m & eacute;tacercaires de Tr & eacute;matodes, les associations d'h & ocirc;tes, les pr & eacute;f & eacute;rences de microhabitat et l'& eacute;volution des profils de diversit & eacute; et de la dynamique de transmission. Gr & acirc;ce & agrave; des techniques morphologiques et mol & eacute;culaires int & eacute;gr & eacute;es, nous avons identifi & eacute; des m & eacute;tacercaires appartenant & agrave; 51 esp & egrave;ces dans huit familles, soit plus du double de la diversit & eacute; pr & eacute;c & eacute;demment rapport & eacute;e (25 esp & egrave;ces). Si la composition des familles de tr & eacute;matodes est rest & eacute;e largement inchang & eacute;e, les Diplostomidae et les Strigeidae restant les familles les plus diversifi & eacute;es, des diff & eacute;rences notables ont & eacute;t & eacute; observ & eacute;es au niveau des esp & egrave;ces. Des m & eacute;tacercaires d'Echinochasmidae et d'Echinostomatidae ont & eacute;t & eacute; d & eacute;tect & eacute;es pour la premi & egrave;re fois, tandis que les Clinostomidae pr & eacute;c & eacute;demment signal & eacute;s & eacute;taient absents. Les poissons Leuciscidae abritaient la plus grande diversit & eacute; de Tr & eacute;matodes. La sp & eacute;cificit & eacute; d'h & ocirc;te des m & eacute;tacercaires & eacute;tait g & eacute;n & eacute;ralement faible, la plupart des esp & egrave;ces & eacute;tant euryx & egrave;nes. Au niveau du microhabitat, les yeux abritaient le plus grand nombre d'esp & egrave;ces, tandis que les muscles pr & eacute;sentaient la plus forte densit & eacute; de m & eacute;tacercaires. Nous avons notamment d & eacute;tect & eacute; des esp & egrave;ces caract & eacute;ris & eacute;es g & eacute;n & eacute;tiquement pour la premi & egrave;re fois en Am & eacute;rique du Nord (Echinoparyphium sp. 2 et Ichthyocotylurus sp. 2) et des esp & egrave;ces appartenant potentiellement au genre Neogogatea, jusqu'alors connues uniquement d'Asie et d'Am & eacute;rique du Nord, soulignant ainsi les risques potentiels d'invasion et sugg & eacute;rant que la diversit & eacute; des tr & eacute;matodes europ & eacute;ens reste largement sous-estim & eacute;e. Les efforts futurs devraient permettre d'obtenir des donn & eacute;es mol & eacute;culaires & agrave; partir de sp & eacute;cimens adultes correctement identifi & eacute;s afin de d & eacute;terminer l'identit & eacute; des esp & egrave;ces actuellement identifi & eacute;es uniquement au niveau du genre ou de la famille, permettant ainsi d'& eacute;valuer leur r & eacute;partition g & eacute;ographique et leurs r & ocirc;les & eacute;cologiques.
Keywords:
Trematoda
Diversity
Intermediate hosts
Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA
Lithuania

Journal

P
Parasite
IF:
2.4
Papers:
35
Citations:
2.5K

Organization

N
nature research center - lithuania
Scholars:
482
Papers: 470
Citations: 0
Cited Papers

Cited Papers

Citing Papers

Citing Papers