Evaluation and prediction of seasonal variation in surface water chemistry for beneficial use of drinking, irrigation, and industrial in Mahanadi River of Paradip area, Odisha, India, using an GIS: integrated water quality indices, and machine learning approaches

Dr. Abhijeet Das

doi:10.1007/s13201-026-02933-8

Compatibility Between the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana and the Ectoparasitoid Sclerodermus guani: Implications for Fungus-Associated Biological Control of Monochamus alternatus

2026-08-13

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OA

AI

H

Hongmei Yao

S

Shasha Wu

Y

Ying Wang

M

Min Feng

L

Li Li *

DOI：10.3390/horticulturae12081003

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Pine wilt disease, caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and vectored by Monochamus alternatus, is a devastating forest disease. The parasitoid Sclerodermus guani and entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana are effective biocontrol agents against wood-boring pests, but their compatibility remains poorly understood. We exposed adult female S. guani to three concentrations of B. bassiana conidia (1 × 105, 1 × 106, and 1 × 107 conidia mL−1) and assessed parasitoid mortality, infection, reproduction, and parasitism capacity against M. alternatus larvae. Mortality and infection rates increased significantly with concentration and exposure time. At 30 days post-exposure, corrected mortalities were 72.47%, 91.30%, and 100% for the three concentrations, respectively. Time–dose–mortality analysis yielded LT50 values of 27.69, 20.00, and 5.92 days, confirming faster kill at higher doses. Fungal exposure reduced offspring production and development at high concentrations, yet fungus-carrying females still successfully parasitized M. alternatus. Importantly, low fungal concentrations caused only minor reductions in parasitism success and offspring survival. These findings demonstrate that the compatibility between B. bassiana and S. guani is strongly concentration-dependent. Therefore, optimizing fungal dosage is essential to balance fungal dispersal and parasitoid fitness in fungus-carrying biocontrol systems. Our study provides valuable insights into ecological interactions between entomopathogenic fungi and parasitoids, facilitating integrated pest management strategies for wood-boring pests.

Keywords:

pest management

inter-species interaction

parasitic wasp

pine wilt disease

pathogenicity

parasitism

parasitic natural enemies

Compatibility Between the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana and the Ectoparasitoid Sclerodermus guani: Implications for Fungus-Associated Biological Control of Monochamus alternatus

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