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Competing factor-based analysis of multiphysics coupling in annular channel magnetohydrodynamic thrusters
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DOI：10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.109952.png)
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Abstract
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This study investigates the Multiphysics field coupling mechanism of an annular channel magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) thruster and systematically reveals the synergy between the electromagnetic field and fluid flow by constructing a three-dimensional numerical model and performing theoretical analysis. A competing factor (Γ), is proposed to establish a quantitative criterion for the dominant modes of the electromagnetic driving force and viscous drag. The coupling effects of key parameters, such as magnetic field strength (B), number of channel splits (n), and seawater conductivity (σ), have also been extensively explored. The results indicate that the annular channel induces a pronounced stratification in fluid velocity. Although increasing the number of channel splits (n) enhances electromagnetic efficiency, it simultaneously reduces the overall flow velocity due to the diminished volume force. An increase in magnetic field strength from 0.267 T to 1.841 T raises the competition factor (Γ) by a factor of 46.57 and improves electromagnetic efficiency by 18.3 times; nevertheless, the overall efficiency remains at a relatively low order of magnitude. Sensitivity analysis further reveals that magnetic field strength (B) exhibits the highest positive sensitivity (SB = +0.665), followed by electrical conductivity (σ), whereas the applied voltage (U) demonstrates a negative sensitivity.
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