.png){kind=icon}
.png){kind=icon}
Return
Comprehensive management of immune-related adverse events: predictive strategies, mechanistic insights, and therapeutic approaches
.png){kind=icon}
OA
AI
K
DOI：10.1080/25785826.2026.2664951.png)
.png){kind=icon}
Original request for help.png){kind=icon}
Share.png){kind=icon}
Save
Abstract
En 中文
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been game changer in cancer therapy but can trigger diverse immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that impact multiple organs. This review offers a unified perspective on irAE risk assessment, underlying mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies aimed at maintaining anticancer efficacy while safeguarding patient well-being. We explore predictive tools—including baseline profiles of several cytokines, HLA genotype, and markers such as interleukin-6—for identifying high-risk individuals. Key drivers of irAEs were dysregulated T- and B-cell responses, antigenic cross-reactivity, and gut microbiome imbalances. Management follows a graduated approach: initial glucocorticoid intervention, followed by biologics (anti-TNF agents, IL-6 receptor blockers) or small-molecule inhibitors (JAK inhibitors) in refractory cases. Real-world data support cautious ICI use in pre-existing autoimmune disorders under stringent monitoring. We also discuss the emerging notion of “inverse irAEs,” where immunosuppression may predispose to secondary malignancies, underscoring the importance of long-term surveillance. Finally, we highlight the urgent need for expansive, multicenter studies to refine irAE management to enhance therapeutic outcomes.
Keywords:
Immune-related adverse events
immune checkpoint inhibitors
biomarkers
autoimmunity
cancer immunotherapy
Journal
IF:
2.9
Papers:
92
Citations:
497
Organization
Cited Papers