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Conducting polymer nanocomposites for energy storage: Critical insights, sustainability, and future roadmap
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DOI：10.1016/j.mseb.2025.119141.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Polymer-based nanocomposites have attracted significant attention as advanced electrode materials for highperformance supercapacitors and other energy storage devices. Their unique combination of redox activity, tunable conductivity, and mechanical flexibility makes them ideal candidates to overcome the limitations of pristine polymers and nanomaterials. While numerous studies have reported progress on composites with metals, transition metal oxides, carbon nanostructures, and mesoporous frameworks, a comprehensive and critical assessment of their practical potential remains limited. This review also presents the achievements, with a focus on new strategies, including biomass-derived carbon, quantum dots (CQDs, GQDs), hierarchical architectures, and flexible/wearable configurations. In addition to summarizing electrochemical performance, a comparative assessment considers key practical aspects, including cost, toxicity, scalability, and environmental sustainability. This approach goes beyond conventional metrics and offers a realistic perspective on the pathways most likely to translate laboratory results into large-scale applications. Finally, key challenges and opportunities are identified: (i) green synthesis methods, (ii) sustainable polymer-carbon hybrids, (iii) scalable design of hierarchical porous structures, and (iv) multifunctional nanocomposites for flexible and wearable electronics. Combining a literature review with critical insights, this article aims to guide future research toward the development of sustainable, scalable, and application-oriented conductive polymer nanocomposites.
Keywords:
Conducting polymer-based nanocomposites
Supercapacitors
Energy storage devices
Electrochemical performance
Green supercapacitor
Comparative evaluation
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