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Contamination and Adulteration of Food Supplements: Risk Perception and Regulatory Awareness in Recreational Athletes

delete2026-04-22
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OA
AI
S
Sofia Lopes
M
Madalena Cunha
A
Ana S. Fernandes
N
Nuno G. Oliveira
C
Cíntia Ferreira-Pêgo
J
João G. Costa *
DOI:10.1016/j.yrtph.2026.106106delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
• High food supplement (FS) use with limited regulatory and safety awareness. • 95% of participants failed to identify the legal definition of FS. • FS users and non-users differ in perceived interactions and overdose risk. • The perception score identified gaps in awareness of contamination/adulteration. • Perceived harms mainly involve cardiovascular, hepatic, endocrine, and renal toxicity.
Keywords:
Food supplements
Safety perception
Contamination
Adulteration
Toxicological risk
Recreational athletes
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Journal

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology cover
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
IF:
3.5
Papers:
4.6K
Citations:
1.0W

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U
universidade lusofona
Scholars:
22
Papers: 14
Citations: 0
U
universidade de lisboa
Scholars:
3.4W
Papers: 3.1W
Citations: 29
U
universidade lusófona
Scholars:
85
Papers: 40
Citations: 0
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