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Contrasting root–shoot strategies of spring and winter barley seedlings to PEG-imposed water deficit
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DOI：10.1007/s10725-026-01459-y.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Understanding seedling responses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to water limitation benefits from integrated phenomics that quantify root–shoot dynamics under the osmotic component of drought. We profiled seven genotypes representing spring and winter growth types exposed to PEG 6000–simulated osmotic stress (− 0.5 and − 0.7 MPa, up to 9 days). A low-cost, high-resolution pipeline (flatbed scanning with image analysis) quantified root length, root diameter, and shoot length; shoot osmotic potential was derived from vapor-pressure osmometry (osmolality). Relative to the corresponding control (100%), winter seedlings tended to retain more root length than spring seedlings: at − 0.5 MPa, 51.9% (spring) vs. 63.3% (winter), and at − 0.7 MPa, 33.3% vs. 42% (means across the experiment). Root diameter retention was 98.3% (spring) and 91.4% (winter) at − 0.5 MPa, and 96.3% and 89.7% at − 0.7 MPa. Shoot length retention was 60.7% (spring) and 71.2% (winter) at − 0.5 MPa, and 27.3% and 32.4% at − 0.7 MPa. Shoot osmotic potential (MPa) showed a strong treatment effect (p < 0.001) but no significant spring–winter differences within any level (control: −0.46 spring vs. −0.49 winter; −0.5 MPa: −0.88 spring vs. −0.82 winter; −0.7 MPa: −0.80 spring vs. −0.79 winter), while individual genotypes differed in the magnitude of osmotic potential shifts, indicating substantial genotype-dependent variation. These hypothesis-generating results highlight contrasting seedling response patterns among growth types and genotypes and motivate further testing of facultative genotypes combining desirable trait profiles. The workflow demonstrates how accessible phenomics can resolve seedling-level trait patterns under osmotic stress and provides a foundation for field validation and genetic dissection toward improved resilience.
Keywords:
Barley seedlings
PEG-induced osmotic stress
Root–shoot coordination
Plant integrity
Osmotic adjustment
Image analysis
Phenotyping
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