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Controlled CF4 plasma-assisted fluorination of NCM811 cathodes for enhanced rate capability and cycle stability in lithium-ion batteries
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DOI：10.1016/j.mseb.2026.119304.png)
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Abstract
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In this study, fluorine-doped LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathodes were prepared by CF4 plasma-assisted fluorination, enabling control of fluorine incorporation and electrochemical performance. The F3-NCM811, fluorinated with CF4 for 3 min, delivered a high discharge capacity of 223.12 mAh/g at 0.1C and excellent rate capability of 75.46% at 2.0C. These improvements are attributable to fluorination-induced substitution of oxygen in NCM811 by fluorine, which increases the ionic radius of nickel ions, expands the interlayer spacing, and thereby enhances lithium ion diffusivity. Furthermore, F3-NCM811 exhibited 72.95% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1.0C, indicating 23.90% improvement in cycle stability compared with NCM811. This is attributable to the formation of strong transition metal (TM)-F bonds, which maximize the lattice oxygen content within the layered structure (10.48%) while minimizing the formation of oxygen derivatives such as spinel and rock salt phases (37.87%). As a result, Li/Ni cation mixing in F3-NCM811 decreased by 7.88% relative to NCM811. In contrast, perfluorination for 5 min (F5-NCM811) led to only a 1.82% reduction of Li/Ni cation mixing owing to an excessive Ni2+ content (60.34%).
Keywords:
NCM
lithium-ion battery
Cathode
Plasma
Fluorination
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