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Controlled solid-state crystallization with formamidinium acetate for fully vacuum-deposited perovskite solar cells
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夏
陈
黄
DOI：10.1038/s41560-026-02093-8.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Vacuum deposition is a promising route for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, vacuum-deposited PSCs have not yet matched the performance achieved by solution-processed devices. Here we improve the performance of fully vacuum-deposited PSCs by controlling the solid-state reaction pathway. We find that formamidinium acetate reacts directly with PbI2 to form FAPbI3 seed layers, substantially lowering the barrier to the solid-state conversion of precursors into the crystalline δ-phase and their subsequent transformation into the α-phase perovskite. Moreover, the excess acetate passivates grain boundary defects, thereby suppressing non-radiative recombination. As a result, the PSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency of 25.53% and an electroluminescence external quantum efficiency of 18.38%. Importantly, the solvent-free fabrication also enables excellent device stability, with the devices retaining over 95% of their initial power conversion efficiency after 1,000 h under the ISOS-L-1 protocol. Vacuum-processed perovskite solar cells show promise, yet their efficiency remains limited. Xu et al. use formamidinium acetate to promote perovskite crystallization, achieving a 25.5% power conversion efficiency and 1,000 h operational stability.
Journal
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60.1
Papers:
981
Citations:
5.6W
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