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Conversion cathodes for batteries towards 1,000 Wh kg−1
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DOI:10.1016/j.matt.2026.102882.png)
Abstract
En 中文
The history of batteries shows that major gains in energy density occur when a new electrode chemistry is unlocked, rather than through incremental engineering alone. Intercalation chemistry enabled the lithium-ion revolution, and lithium metal extended this paradigm, yet both are now converging toward intrinsic limits. This perspective argues that the next leap requires conversion cathodes, where energy storage derives from complete bond breaking and reformation. Using a generalized reaction framework and matrix-based thermodynamic screening, we narrow this broad class to concrete, high-potential targets, including sulfur, interhalogens, and transition-metal fluorides. Importantly, chemically continuous families such as interhalogens form an energetic ladder, providing a stepwise path to de-risk progressively more energetic systems.
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2.5K
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1.8W
