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Covalent design in Ionogels: from cross-linking chemistry to functional applications
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DOI：10.1016/j.pmatsci.2026.101783.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Ionogels, composed of ionic liquids and polymer matrices, have emerged as a versatile class of functional materials. This review establishes a design-driven framework linking functional demands to molecular bonding chemistry and processing strategies. We first elucidate how ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, and thermal or environmental stability are governed by the architecture of static, dynamic, and hybrid covalent networks. Recent progress in photo/thermal/radiation-induced polymerization is summarized, highlighting processing–structure–property correlations. Application-oriented analyses are presented across energy storage, flexible electronics, triboelectric and thermoelectric devices, adhesives, and biomedical systems, emphasizing covalent chemistry as the structural determinant of performance. Finally, emerging directions are outlined toward programmable covalent design, green and digital fabrication, and data-driven predictive modeling. This review advocates a paradigm shift from empirical optimization to rational, covalent design of ionogels, offering molecular insights for next-generation soft ionic materials with tailored performance.
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