Crowd counting with sparse annotation

Shiwei Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2026.114000

Crowd counting with sparse annotation

2026-09-29

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DOI：10.1016/j.patcog.2026.114000

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This paper presents a new annotation method called Sparse Annotation (SA) for crowd counting, which reduces human labeling efforts by sparsely labeling individuals in an image. We argue that sparse labeling can reduce the redundancy of full annotation and capture more diverse information from distant individuals that is not fully captured by Partial Annotation methods. Besides, we propose a point-based Progressive Point Matching network (PPM) to better explore the crowd from the whole image with sparse annotation, which includes a Proposal Matching Network (PMN) and a Performance Restoration Network (PRN). The PMN generates pseudo-point samples using a basic point classifier, while the PRN refines the point classifier with the pseudo points to maximize performance. Our experimental results show that PPM outperforms previous semi-supervised crowd counting methods with the same amount of annotation and achieves competitive performance with fully-supervised methods.

Keywords:

Crowd counting

Semi-supervised learning

Sparse annotation

Crowd counting with sparse annotation

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