Crystallized colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibitor protects immunoisolated allo but not xeno transplants in primates

doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adt1055

Crystallized colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibitor protects immunoisolated allo but not xeno transplants in primates

2026-01-28

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DOI：10.1126/scitranslmed.adt1055

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Immunoisolation devices can reduce rejection of nonautologous transplanted cells but have had limited efficacy because of the host’s foreign body response. Here, Bochenek et al. evaluated allogeneic or xenogeneic β cells delivered in alginate spheres containing slow-release crystals of a colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor. They found that allogeneic islet cells in nonhuman primates (NHPs) were glucose responsive after 1 month, but human stem cell–derived β cells failed because of adaptive immune activation. In contrast, diabetic immunocompetent mice given the same human β cells maintained glycemic control for 1 year. These results suggest that CSF1R inhibition may limit immune responses in allogeneic settings, but further intervention may be needed in higher-order species for xenogeneic sources. —Allison Williams

Crystallized colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibitor protects immunoisolated allo but not xeno transplants in primates

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