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Cut Blasting Optimization Using 3D Laser Scanning and Numerical Simulation
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DOI：10.1007/s00603-024-04237-2.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Cut blasting, a critical aspect of single-sided blasting in underground rock engineering, significantly influences tunnel excavation speed. This study investigates the characteristics of two traditional cut blasting patterns: center empty hole and center charge hole, through on-site blasting experiments. Employing a 3D laser scanner, post-explosion cavity features are quantitatively analyzed in terms of length (L), area (S), and volume (V). The results reveal that cavity volume variation with depth adheres to the equation y = Ax<^>B (B < 1), and that the center charge hole cut blasting notably expands the cavity bottom. To optimize cut blasting effectiveness, numerical simulations utilizing the smooth particle hydrodynamic finite element method (SPH-FEM) were conducted. Initially, recognizing that cavity formation of the first blasthole presents the greatest challenge in cut blasting, the influences of hole diameter and hole spacing on the first blasthole's explosion cavity size and rock fragmentation were investigated. The results indicate that within a reasonable design range, large-diameter empty holes produce a U-shaped cavity in the first blasthole. Moreover, cavity area increased with increasing hole spacing for large-diameter holes, which increased by 14.8%-35% compared with the small-diameter empty holes. However, particle throw distance decreased with increasing hole distance. Subsequently, to improve the overall cavity effect of the center charge hole cut blasting, the influences of bottom charge length within the empty hole and detonation sequence were examined. The results demonstrate that incorporating a bottom charge in the empty hole increased the overall throw effect by 8.6%-21.8%, with the bottom of the particles projected up to 11.7 times the distance achieved without the bottom charge. Optimal results were achieved when the bottom charge of the empty hole was detonated last within the cut blasting sequence.
Keywords:
Cut blasting
Cavity features
First blast hole
SPH-FEM
Bottom charge of empty hole
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