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Dark energy and a new realization of the matter Lagrangian
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DOI：10.1016/j.dark.2026.102372.png)
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Abstract
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A new realization of the matter Lagrangian is introduced which models the dark energy component as a non-standard combination of thermodynamical quantities of the baryonic matter. We show that the present realization is independent of existing models with matter-geometry couplings and has a property that the energy-momentum tensor of both baryonic matter and dark energy is conserved separately. We further show that two possible choices of the matter Lagrangian in the ΛCDM model are not totally equivalent and investigate the background and perturbative constraints on the form of the matter Lagrangian.We further investigate the cosmological implications of a test model with logarithmic DE and constrain the model parameters with observational data on the cosmic chronometers, Pantheon + and fσ8 datasets. We will also explain in detail the predictions of the model on the late time behavior of the universe and compare the result with ΛCDM model.
Keywords:
Dark energy
Non-standard matter action
Background and perturbative cosmological data
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