De Novo Genes

2024-11-25

PRE

Li Zhao *

Nicolas Svetec

David J Begun

DOI：10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102413

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Abstract

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Although the majority of annotated new genes in a given genome appear to have arisen from duplication-related mechanisms, recent studies have shown that genes can also originate de novo from ancestrally nongenic sequences. Investigating de novo-originated genes offers rich opportunities to understand the origin and functions of new genes, their regulatory mechanisms, and the associated evolutionary processes. Such studies have uncovered unexpected and intriguing facets of gene origination, offering novel perspectives on the complexity of the genome and gene evolution. In this review, we provide an overview of the research progress in this field, highlight recent advancements, identify key technical and conceptual challenges, and underscore critical questions that remain to be addressed.

Keywords:

gene gain

gene loss

adaptive evolution

regulation of expression

de novo

proteins

small ORFs

De Novo Genes

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