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Decarbonizing CHP Systems via Hydrogen: Specific Drivers and Hurdles in Highly Industrialized Regions Like Saarland, Germany
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DOI：10.3390/hydrogen7020046.png)
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Abstract
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The global energy transition demands solutions that balance intermittent renewable energy generation while decarbonizing heat and power sectors. Hydrogen has appeared as a versatile energy carrier, enabling sector coupling across electricity, heat, and industry. This work explores the integration of hydrogen into combined heat and power (CHP) systems, with a regional focus on Saarland, Germany. It depicts H2-ready technologies including combustion engines, gas turbines, and fuel cells, and introduces a custom Python-based (Version 3.13) techno-economic optimization model to simulate multi-energy system operations. The analysis reveals that high hydrogen costs, electricity price volatility, and market design significantly constrain economic viability. However, Saarland's industrial structure and cross-border infrastructure projects offer strategic opportunities for scalable hydrogen deployment. The article concludes with targeted recommendations for technology development, policy reform, and regional replication, positioning hydrogen CHP as a flexible and decarbonizing solution in energy-intensive regions.
Keywords:
hydrogen
combined heat and power
district heating
infrastructure
combustion engine
gas and steam turbine
fuel cell
electrolyser
Saarland
Journal
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IF:
3
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97
Citations:
497
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Cited Papers