DeepENF: A data-driven Electric Network Frequency estimation framework

Ioannis Tsingalis

doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2025.10.004

DeepENF: A data-driven Electric Network Frequency estimation framework

2025-10-08

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Ioannis Tsingalis *

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Constantine Kotropoulos

DOI：10.1016/j.patrec.2025.10.004

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This paper proposes DeepENF, an effective Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) framework, for estimating the Electric Network Frequency (ENF). ENF has gained significant importance in forensics, playing a crucial role in various applications such as device identification, verifying the recording time, estimating recording locations, etc.

DeepENF: A data-driven Electric Network Frequency estimation framework

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