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Defect-engineered ZnO/BTO photoanodes for enhanced solar-driven photoelectrochemical desalination of high-salinity coal chemical wastewater
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DOI：10.1039/D6MH00222F.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
An efficient and stable photoanode is crucial for solar-driven photoelectrochemical desalination (SD-PED); especially for complex industrial brines. Here; a ZnO/Bi4Ti3O12 (BTO) heterojunction photoanode with simultaneously introduced Bi and O vacancies (Biv/Ov) was fabricated through a sol–gel route followed by calcination. Using real high-salinity wastewater from the coal-chemical industry as the feed; this optimized photoanode delivered a photocurrent density of 4.65 mA cm−2; and a salt removal rate of 148.52 µg (cm2 min)−1 under simulated solar illumination at zero external bias; representing a 65.94% improvement over pristine BTO. The SD-PED device effectively reduced the total salinity from 6912 ppm to 966 ppm; achieving >90% removal of Na+/Cl− and >87.6% removal of co-existing ions; while maintaining stable operation over five cycles. The enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of the porous layered structure and the vacancy-rich heterointerface; which together enlarge the electrode/electrolyte active area and establish a built-in electric field that promotes charge separation and transport. This work provides a defect-engineering strategy for developing robust photoanodes for low-bias solar desalination of high-salinity industrial wastewater.
Keywords:
ZnO/Bi4Ti3O12 heterojunction
defect engineering
photoanode
solar-driven desalination
high-salinity wastewater
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