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Degradation-dependent mitigation of nitrogen-induced community destabilization by phosphorus addition in alpine grasslands
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DOI：10.1016/j.ecoleng.2026.108064.png)
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Abstract
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The increase in reactive nutrients due to atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and human activities has led to increasing nutrient imbalance and phosphorus (P) limitation, resulting in changes in community structure and reduced stability. Whether ecosystems reverse these negative effects after P supplementation and how the response differs along degradation gradients have been poorly studied. Based on a long-term N and/or P addition experiment, this study investigated how N addition supplemented with P regulated community temporal stability in different degradation gradients. Our results revealed three key patterns. Firstly, N-alone addition consistently reduced community temporal stability in all degradation gradients, demonstrating N's potent destabilizing effect. P-alone and N + P co-addition treatments showed no impact on community temporal stability, suggesting P addition effectively mitigates N's negative effects. Finally, context-specific mechanisms further clarified how community temporal stability determinants shift with degradation severity. In non-degraded gradient, community temporal stability relied predominantly on species asynchrony, where asynchronous population dynamics buffer community-level fluctuations through compensatory interactions. In moderately and heavily degraded gradients, the driver of community temporal stability shifted toward dominant species stability, with competitive exclusion and reduced niche diversity diminishing the compensatory power of asynchrony. This gradient-dependent transition in community temporal stability mechanisms highlights N's role in destabilizing communities through competitive dominance, while P alleviates these effects by restoring resource balance. Our findings provide critical insights for ecosystem restoration: N management should prioritize minimizing disturbance in sensitive ecosystems, whereas the balanced addition of N and P may enhance resilience in degraded systems through restoration of asynchronous dynamics.
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